OVERVIEW OF THE BOOK OF JAMES
Author: Based on the internal evidence of other NT writings, the author of this epistle (letter) is James, known as "James the Just," who was the half-brother of Jesus Christ (Matt. 13:55; Mark 6:3). James was not a believer (John 7:3-5) until after the resurrection (Acts 1:14; 1 Cor. 15:7; Gal. 1:19). He became the head of the Jerusalem church and is mentioned first as a pillar of the church (Gal. 2:9).
Date of Writing: The Book of James is possibly the oldest book of the New Testament, written as early as A.D. 45, before the first council of Jerusalem in A.D. 50. James was martyred in approxi-mately A.D. 62, according to the historian Josephus.
Purpose of Writing: The Book is directed to Jewish Christians scattered among all the nations (James 1:1) to encourage them to continue growing in this new Christian faith. While Pauline teachings concentrate on our justification with God, James' teachings concentrate on the works that exemplify that justification. James places great emphasis on the principle that good actions will naturally flow from those who are filled with the Spirit and questions whether someone may or may not have a saving faith if the fruits of the Spirit cannot be seen, much as Paul describes in Gal. 5:22-23.
Brief Summary: The Book of James outlines the faith walk in terms of "testing and trials" (1:2-18) and "doing the Word" (1:19-27), genuine faith (2:1-3:12) and genuine wisdom (3:13-5:20). In substance, the book contains many parallels to Jesus' Sermon on the Mount in Matt. 5-7. James begins in the first chapter by describing the overall traits of the faith walk. In chapter 2 and the beginning of chapter 3 he discusses social justice and a discourse on faith in action. He then compares and contrasts the difference between worldly and godly wisdom and asks us to turn away from evil and draw close to God. James gives a particularly severe rebuke to the rich who hoard and those who are self-reliant. Finally he ends with encouragement to believers to be patient in suffering, praying and caring for one another and bolstering our faith through fellowship.
Connections: The Book of James is the ultimate description of the relationship between faith and works. So ingrained in the Mosaic Law and its system of works were the Jewish Christians to whom James wrote that he spent considerable time explaining the difficult truth that no one is justified by the works of the law (Gal. 2:16). He declares to them that even if they try their very best to keep all the various laws and rituals, doing so is impossible, and transgressing the tiniest part of the law made them guilty of all of it (James 2:10) because the law is one entity and breaking one part of it is breaking all of it.
Practical Application: We see in the Book of James a challenge to faithful followers of Jesus Christ to not just "talk the talk," but to "walk the walk." While our faith walk, to be certain, requires a growth of knowledge about the Word, James exhorts us to not stop there. Many Christians will find this epistle challenging as James presents 60 obligations in only 108 verses. He focuses on the truths of Jesus' words in the Sermon on the Mount and motivates us to act upon what He taught. The epistle also puts to rest the idea that one can become a Christian and yet continue living in sin, exhibiting no fruit of righteousness. Such a "faith," James declares, is shared by the demons who "believe and tremble" (James 2:19). Yet such a "faith" cannot save because it is not verified by the works that always accompany true saving faith (Eph. 2:10). Endpoint: Good works are not the cause of salvation, but they are the result of it.
